Khung kiến thức của TRIZ

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Khung kiến thức của TRIZ

Trích dịch từ TRIZ BODY OF KNOWLEDGE :
Simon Litvin, Vladimir Petrov, Mikhail Rubin (International TRIZ Association)
Victor Fey (Altshuller Institute for TRIZ Studies )

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Giới thiệu

Khi TRIZ được công nhận và phổ biến trên khắp thế giới, đã xuất hiện một số khó khăn cản trở việc biến TRIZ như là một môn khoa học. Một trong số đó là ranh giới không rõ ràng của TRIZ. Hiện vẫn chưa có một tài liệu hay chương trình giảng dạy TRIZ nào được cộng đồng TRIZ thừa nhận một cách rộng rãi. Điều này dẩn tới những cách diển giải khác nhau về nhiều khái niệm, công cụ và cách tiếp cận TRIZ (và trong một số trường hợp gây ra sự sai lệch). Hơn nửa, những sự khác biệt này tạo khó khăn cho việc cấp một bằng chứng nhận có giá trị quốc tế cho những người thực hành TRIZ.

Để cải thiện vấn đề này, Hiệp Hội TRIZ quốc tế ( MA TRIZ), Viện nghiên cứu Altshuller ( AI) và Hiệp Hội TRIZ Châu Âu (ETRIA) cùng nhau xây dựng nên khung kiến thức của TRIZ.

Danh sách này chứa những thành phần của TRIZ có thể áp dụng trong những lỉnh vực kỹ thuật và phi kỹ thuật. Một số những sản phẩm dựa trên TRIZ cổ điển như I-TRIZ, TRIZplus, TRIZ-OTSM,.. được sử dụng bởi nhiều người, nhưng chúng vẫn chưa được thừa nhận một cách rộng rãi trong cộng đồng TRIZ, nên không có trong danh sách này.

Những khái niệm, thành phần và công cụ của TRIZ

1. Những khái niệm căn bản

1.1. Dialectics as a philosophical foundation of TRIZ [1]
Phép biện chứng là nền tảng lý thuyết của TRIZ

1.2. Directional evolution of technological systems [2]
Sự định hướng tiến hóa của những hệ thống kỹ thuật

1.3. Technological system [3].
Hệ thống kỹ thuật

1.4. Functions [4].
Chức năng

1.5. Ideal technological system [5].
Hệ thống kỹ thuật lý tưởng

1.6. Substance, field, sufield [6]. Substance-field resources [7].
Chất, trường, chất-trường, nguồn lực chất-trường.

1.7. Reflectivity principle [8].

1.8. Ideal substance [9].
Chất lý tưởng.

1.9. Ideal final result (IFR) [10]
Kết quả lý tưởng sau cùng.

1.10. Inventive situation. Inventive problem [11].
Tình huống sáng chế, bài toán sáng chế.

1.11. Levels of inventions [5].
Mức sáng chế.

1.12. Contradictions: administrative, engineering, and physical [12].
Mâu thuẩn: hành chính, kỹ thuật, vật lý.

1.13. System operator.  Multi-screen scheme of talented thinking [13].

2. Trends (laws) and sub-trends (lines) of technological system evolution [14] 
Những quy luật của sự tiến hóa của hệ thống kỹ thuật.

2.1. Trend of increasing degree of ideality [14]
Quy luật tăng mức độ lý tưởng của hệ.

2.1.1.    Mechanisms of increasing the ideality of technological systems [15]

2.2. Trend of non-uniform evolution of sub-systems [14].
Quy luật phát triển không đồng đều của hệ dưới.

2.3. Trend of completeness of system parts [14].
Quy luật về tính đầy đủ của hệ thống.

2.3.1.    Sub-trend of elimination of human involvement [16].

2.4. Trend of “energy conductivity” of systems [13].
Quy luật về tính dẩn truyền của hệ thống.

2.5. Trend of harmonization of rhythms [13].
Quy luật về tính tương hợp của hệ thống.

2.5.1.    Sub-trends of chronokinematics [17].

2.6. Trend of transition to super-systems [14].
Quy luật chuyển sang hệ trên

2.6.1.    Sub-trend of transition from mono- to bi- and poly-systems [18]

2.6.2.    Sub-trend of increasing structurization of voids [19].

2.6.3.    Mechanisms of convolution (trimming) of technological systems.  Coefficient of convolution [20]

2.6.4.    Sub-trend of deployment — convolution [21]

2.6.5.    Trimming of technological systems [22].

2.6.6.    Integration of alternative systems [22].

2.7. Trend of increasing dynamism [23]

2.7.1.    Lines of increasing dynamism [24]

2.8. Trend of increasing substance-field interactions [25].
Quy luật tăng sự tương tác chất-trường

2.8.1.    Lines of evolution of sufields [26]

2.9. Trend of transition from macro- micro-levels [27].
Quy luật chuyển từ vĩ mô sang vi mô

2.10. Trend of matching — mismatching (coordination – noncoordination) [21]. 

2.11.The general pattern of engineering systems evolution [28].

3. Algorithm for Inventive Problems Solving (ARIZ)

3.1. ARIZ — a program for inventive problem solving by identifying and resolving contradictions [29].
ARIZ-chương trình giải các bài toán sáng chế bằng cách tìm và giải quyết các mâu thuẩn.

3.2. Main line for solving ARIZ problems and ARIZ logic [30].

3.3. Structure and basic notions of ARIZ-85C [31]
 
3.3.1.    Problems-analogs [32]

4.   Substance-Field Analysis
Phân tích CHẤT-TRƯỜNG

4.1. Basic concepts and rules [6].
Khái niệm và quy luật cơ bản.

4.2. Standards for inventive problem solving [32].
Các chuẩn cho giải các bài toán sáng chế.

4.3. Structure of the system of standards. System of 76 standards [33].
Cấu trúc của hệ thống các chuẩn. Hệ thống 76 chuẩn.

4.3.1. Standards for system modification [33].
Các chuẩn để thay đổi hệ thống.

4.3.2. Standards for system measuring and detection [33].
Các chuẩn để đo lường và phát hiện.

4.3.3. Standards for application of the standards [33].
Các chuẩn cho áp dụng các chuẩn.
 

5. Techniques for resolving contradictions.
Kỹ thuật giải quyết những mâu thuẩn.

5.1. Techniques for resolving engineering contradictions (inventive principles).
Kỹ thuật giải quyết những mâu thuẩn kỹ thuật.

5.1.1. 40 main inventive principles [34].
40 nguyên tắc, thủ thuật sáng chế.

5.1.2. 10 additional inventive principles [35].

5.1.3. Duality “principle-anti-principle” [36].

5.1.4. The Contradiction Matrix [37].
Ma trận mâu thuẩn.

5.1.5. Typical diagrams of engineering contradictions [38].

5.2. Techniques for resolving physical contradictions.
Kỹ thuật giải quyết những mâu thuẩn vật lý.

5.2.1. Separation principles [39].
Nguyên tắc tách khỏi.

5.2.2. Using the separation principles at macro- and micro-levels [40].
Sử dụng nguyên tắc tách khỏi ở mức vĩ mô và vi mô.
 

6.     Scientific effects
Các hiệu ứng kỹ thuật.

6.1. The concept of database of effects [41].

6.2. Physical effects [42].
Hiệu ứng vật lý

6.3. Chemical effects [43].
Hiệu ứng hóa học

6.4. Geometrical effects [44].
Hiệu ứng hình học
 

7.     System analysis methods
Những phương pháp phân tích hệ thống

7.1. Methods to search and formulate inventive problems [45].
Phương pháp tìm và định chuẩn bài toán sáng chế.

7.2. Flow analysis [45].
Phân tích dòng

7.3. Trimming (Ideal Functional Modeling) [45].

7.4. Cause-effect Analysis. Formulation of key problems [45].
Phân tích nguyên nhân-kết quả. Phát biểu chìa khóa của bài toán.

7.5. Component-and-structural analysis [45].
Phân tích thành phần và cấu trúc

7.6. Diagnostic analysis [45].
Phân tích chuẩn đoán

7.7. Evolutionary analysis [45].
Phân tích sự tiến hóa

7.8. Function analysis [45].
Phân tích chức năng

7.9. Integration of alternative systems [45].

7.10. Failure-anticipation analysis [46].
Phân tích dự báo sai sót.

7.11. Super-effect identification (system improvement without solving problems [47].

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Tài liệu tham khảo của tác giả:

1.     Altshuller, G.S. The Dialectics of Inventive Activity. -Altshuller G.S. The Invention Algorithm, 2nd edition. – M: Moskovsky Rabotchy, 1973. Zhuckov, R.F., Petrov, V.M.  Modern Methods of Scientific and Engineering Creativity. Guidebook.
– L.: IPK SP, 1980. (http://www.trizminsk.org/e/247009.htm)
Lymarenko, A.A. TRIZ as Applied Dialectics. -TRIZ Journal, 1993.

2.     Altshuller, G.S., Shapiro, R.B.  On Psychology of Inventive Creativity. – Problems of Psychology, Vol. 6., pp. 37-49, 1956. Altshuller, G.S., Shapiro, R.B. On Psychology of Inventive Creativity. – Izobretenia, The Altshuller Institute for TRIZ Studies, 2000. 

3.     Salamatov, Y.P., A System of Laws of Technology Evolution . – A Chance for Adventure/ Compiled by Selyutsky, A.B. – Petrozavodsk: Karelia, 1991. 
Fey, V., Rivin, E. Innovation on Demand: New Product Development Using TRIZ. – Cambridge University Press, 2005.

4.     Gerasimov, V.M., Kalish, V.S., Karpunin, M.G., Kuzmin, A.M., Litvin, S.S. Basics of the Methodology for Conducting VEA: Methodological Recommendations. M.: Inform-VEA, 1991. Arel, A.T., Verbitsky, M., Devoino, I., Ikovenko, S. TechOptimizer Fundamentals. – Invention Machine     
Educational Services, 2002 Fey, V., Rivin, E. Innovation on Demand: New Product Development Using TRIZ. – Cambridge University Press, 2005.

5.     Altshuller, G.S. The Invention Algorithm, 2nd edition. – M: Moskovsky Rabotchy, 1973. Altshuller, G.S. The Innovation Algorithm.  Technical Innovation Center, Inc. Worcester, MA, 1999.

6.     Altshuller, G., Gadjiev, Ch., Flickshtein, I. Introduction to Substance-Field Analysis. – Baku, OLMI, 1973. Altshuller, G. Sufield Analysis.: Methodological Guidelines. – Baku, OLMI, 1973. Altshuller, G., Flickshtein, I. Problem Solving Using Sufield Analysis. – Baku: OLMI, 1973. Altshuller, G.S. Principles of Sufield Analysis. – Altshuller, G.S. Creativity as an Exact Science.

Theory of Inventive Problem Solving . – M.: Sovietskoje radio, 1979.
Altshuller, G.S. Principles of Sufield Analysis. – Altshuller G.S., Creativity as an Exact Science,
Gordon and Breach, NY, NY, 1988.
Altshuller G.S., Selyutsky, A.B. Wings for Icarus: How to solve inventive problems. – Petrozavodsk:
Karelia, 1980. – 224 p. (p. 58-72).
Altshuller G.S. To Find an Idea:  Introduction to the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving. -
Novosibirsk.: Nauka, 1986.

Altshuller G.S. The Concept of Sufield. – Altshuller G.S. Daring Formulae of Creativity.- Daring
Formulae of Creativity/ (Compiled by Selyutsky, A.B.). – Petrozavodsk: Karelia, 1987. – 269 p. –
(Engineering – Young people – Creativity), p. 67-74.
Petrov, V. Structural Sufield Analysis… http://www.trizland.ru/trizba.php?id=111.
Altshuller G., Zlotin, B., Zusman A., Filatov V. Tools of Classical TRIZ. Ideation International Inc.
1999.
Fey, V., Rivin, E. Innovation on Demand: New Product Development Using TRIZ, Cambridge
University Press, 2005.

7.     Altshuller, G.S. Algorithm for Inventive Problem Solving (ARIZ-85C).  Methodological meterials for trainees of the seminar "Methods for solving scientific and engineering problems" – L.: Leningrad Metal Works – 1985. – 123 p. http://www.altshuller.ru/triz/ariz85v.asp. Altshuller, G.S. ARIZ Means Victory: Algorithm for Inventive Problem Solving ARIZ-85C. – Rules for a Game Without Rules / Compiled by Selyutsky, A.B. – Petrozavodsk: Karelia, 1989. Zlotin, B.L., Vishnepolskaya, S.V. Use of Resources in Search for New Engineering Solutions. – Kishinev, 1985. Petrov, V.М. Principles of the Theory of Resource Utilization. – L.: 1985. Royzen, Z.  Specific Features of Resources Utilization for Problem Solving and Improving Obtained Solutions. – Kishinev, 1986. Petrov, V.М. A Technology of Resource Utilization. – Theory and practice of teaching engineering creativity. Abstracts of scientific papers.  Chelyabinsk: UDNTP, 1988.– p. 55-56.

8.     Khotimliansky, Y. The Reflectivity Principle and its Application for Inventive Problem Solving. Baku: The Public Laboratory for the Innovation Methodology, 1974.  

9.     Kagan, E.L.  The Concept of Building a Model of the Ideal Substance. – Abstracts for the All-Union Scientific Conference "Problems of development of scientific and engineering creativity" (Tbilisi, September 30 – October 2, 1987). V.1 – Moscow: VSNTO, 1987. – p. 96-98. Fey, V.R.  In Search for the Ideal Substance. – TRIZ Journal, V.1, No.1/90, p.36-41, V.1, No.2/90, p.31-40. 1990. Also, In Search for the Ideal Substance. – A Chance for Adventure, Compiled by Selyutsky, A.B. – Petrozavodsk: Karelia, 1991, p. 174-220. Salamatov, Y.P. Evolution of Substances in Technological Systems. – Abstracts for the conference “Methods of Scientific and Engineering Creativity,” June 30-July 2, 1984 – Novosibirsk, p. 64-66, 1984.

10. Altshuller, G.S. Creativity as an Exact Science. Theory of Inventive Problem Solving . – M.: Sovietskoje radio, 1979. Altshuller G.S., Creativity as an Exact Science, Gordon and Breach, NY, NY, 1988.

11. Altshuller, G.S. The Process of Inventive Problem Solving: Main Stages and Mechanisms. 06.04.75 (http://www.altshuller.ru/triz1.asp) Altshuller, G.S., Selyutsky, A.B. Wings for Icarus: How to Solve Inventive Problems. – Petrozavodsk: Karelia, 1980. 

Altshuller, G.S. The Daring Formulae of Creativity. In The Daring Formulae of Creativity/ (Compiled
by A.B.Selyutsky). – Petrozavodsk: Karelia, 1987.
Zhuckov, R.F., Petrov, V.M.  Modern Methods of Scientific and Engineering Creativity. Guidebook.

– L.: IPK SP, 1980. (http://www.trizminsk.org/e/247009.htm)

12. Altshuller, G.S. Administrative, Engineering, and Physical Contradictions. -Altshuller G.S. Creativity as an Exact Science: Theory of Inventive Problem Solving. – M., Sovietskoje Radio, 1979.

13. Altshuller, G.S. The Structure of Talented Thinking.  -Altshuller, G.S. Creativity as an Exact Science. – M.: Sovietskoje radio, 1979. Mann, D. Hands-On Systematic Innovation, CREAX Press, Ieper, Belgium, 2002. Rantanen, K., Domb, E. Simplified TRIZ, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 2002.

14. Altshuller, G.S. Laws of Engineering Systems Evolution. – Baku, 20.01.1977. Altshuller, G.S. Laws of Systems Evolution. – Altshuller G.S. Creativity as an Exact Science.

Theory of Inventive Problem Solving. – M.: Sovietskoje Radio, 1979
(http://www.altshuller.ru/triz/zrts1.asp)

Altshuller, G.S. Laws of Technological Systems Evolution. – Altshuller, G.S. The Daring Formulae of Creativity.- The Daring Formulae of Creativity. Compiled by Selyutsky, A.B. – Petrozavodsk: Karelia, 1987.

15. Gerasimov, V., Litvin, S. Mechanisms for Enhancing the Ideality of Technological Systems in VEA. – L. 1985. Petrov, V.М. Idealization of Technological Systems. – District Scientific-and-Practical Conference "Problems of Development of Scientific and Engineering Creativity of Engineers". Abstracts of reports. Gorky, 1983, p. 60-62. http://www.trizland.ru/trizba/pdf-books/zrts-08-ideal.pdf Salamatov, Y.P., Kondrakov, I.M. Specific Features of Ideal Technological Systems. – Abstracts for the conference “Methods of Scientific and Engineering Creativity,” June 30-July 2, 1984 – Novosibirsk, p. 6466, 1984.

16. Altshuller, G.S., Zlotin, B.L., Zusman, A.V., Filatov. V.I. Search for New Ideas: From Insight to Technology – Kishinev, Cartia Moldoveniaske, 1989. Altshuller, G.S., Zlotin, B.L., Zusman, A.V., Filatov, V.I. Tools of Classical TRIZ. – Ideation International, Southifeld, MI, 1999.

17. Fey, V.R. Chronokinematics of Technological Systems. – Baku, 1988. Fey, V., Rivin, E. Innovation on Demand: New Product Development Using TRIZ. – Cambridge University Press, 2005.

18. Altshuller, G.S. To Find an Idea: Introduction to the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving.-Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1986. Altshuller, G.S. Small Boundless Worlds: The Standards for Inventive Problem Solving. -A Thread in the Labyrinth/Compiled by Selyutsky, A.B.. – Petrozavodsk: Karelia, 1988. Petrov V. The Trend of Transition to Supersystems, http://www.trizland.ru/trizba/pdf-books/zrts-17-nadsyst.pdf.

19. Altshuller, G.S., Vertkin, I.M. Lines of Increasing Structurization of Voids. Baku, 1987 http://www.altshuller.ru/triz/zrts5.asp.

20. Vertkin, I.M. Mechanisms of Convolution of Technological Systems. – Baku, 1984

21. Altshuller, G.S., Zlotin, B.L., Zusman, A.V., Filatov, V.I.  Search for New Ideas: From Insight to Technology (The Theory and Practice of Inventive Problem Solving) -Kishinev, Kartia Moldoveniaske, 1989. Altshuller, G.S., Zlotin, B.L., Zusman, A.V., Filatov, V.I. Tools of Classical TRIZ. – Ideation International, Southifeld, MI, 1999.

22. Gerasimov, V.M., Litvin, S.S. Using the Trends of Technology Evolution in VEA of Manufacturing Processes. – Practices of Conducting VEA in the Electrical Product Industry. Ed. by M.G.Karpunin. M., Energoatomizdat, 1987.
 .Gerasimov, V.M., Kalish, V.S., Karpunin, M.G., Kuzmin, A.M., Litvin, S.S. Basics of the Methodology for Conducting VEA: Methodological Recommendations. M.: Inform-VEA, 1991. Gerasimov, V.M., Litvin, S.S.  A Unified System of TRIZ-VEA. – TRIZ Journal, No. 3.2.92 , p.7-45. Gerasimov, V.M., Litvin, S.S. Why Does Engineering Need Pluralism? TRIZ Journal, No.1.90. 

23. Altshuller, G.S. To Find an Idea: Introduction to the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving.-Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1986. Altshuller, G.S., Zlotin, B.L., Zusman, A.V., Filatov, V.I.  A Search for New Ideas: From Insight to Technology (The Theory and Practice of Inventive Problem Solving) -Kishinev, Kartia Moldoveniaske, 1989. 
 .Altshuller, G.S., Zlotin, B.L., Zusman, A.V., Filatov, V.I. Tools of Classical TRIZ. – Ideation International, Southifeld, MI, 1999. Fey, V., Rivin, E. Innovation on Demand: New Product Development Using TRIZ. – Cambridge University Press, 2005.

24. Altshuller, G.S., Vertkin, I.M. Lines of Fragmentation. Baku, 1987 http://www.altshuller.ru/triz/zrts5.asp. Salamatov, Y.P., A System of Laws of Technology Evolution . – A Chance for Adventure/ Compiled by Selyutsky, A.B. – Petrozavodsk: Karelia, 1991.  Altshuller, G.S., Zlotin, B.L., Zusman, A.V., Filatov, V.I. Tools of Classical TRIZ. – Ideation International, Southifeld, MI, 1999. Fey, V., Rivin, E. Innovation on Demand: New Product Development Using TRIZ. – Cambridge University Press, 2005.

25. Altshuller, G.S. To Find an Idea: Introduction to the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving.-Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1986. Salamatov, Y.P., A System of Laws of Technology Evolution . – A Chance for Adventure/ Compiled by Selyutsky, A.B. – Petrozavodsk: Karelia, 1991.  Altshuller, G.S., Zlotin, B.L., Zusman, A.V., Filatov, V.I. Tools of Classical TRIZ. – Ideation International, Southifeld, MI, 1999. Fey, V., Rivin, E. Innovation on Demand: New Product Development Using TRIZ. – Cambridge University Press, 2005.

26. Vertkin, I.M. The General Pattern of Sufield Evolution. – Presentation at the conference “Methods of Scientific and Engineering Creativity,” Novosibirsk, June 30-July 2, 1984. Vertkin, I.M, Fey, V.R.  A Study of Sufields with Thermal and Magnetic Fields in Technological Systems. – Abstracts for the conference “Methods of Scientific and Engineering Creativity,” June 30-July 2, 1984 – Novosibirsk, p. 79-81, 1984. Altshuller, G.S. To Find an Idea: Introduction to the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving.-Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1986. Fey, V.R.  In Search for the Ideal Substance. – TRIZ Journal, V.1, No.1/90, p.36-41, V.1, No.2/90, p.31-40, 1990. Also, In Search for the Ideal Substance. – A Chance for Adventure. Compiled by Selyutsky, A.B. – Petrozavodsk: Karelia, p. 174-220, 1991.

27. Altshuller, G.S. Creativity as an Exact Science. – M.: Sovietskoje Radio, 1979 Altshuller, G.S. To Find an Idea: Introduction to the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving.-Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1986. Petrov, V. Trend of System Transition from Macro- to Microlevels. http://www.trizland.ru/trizba/pdf-books/zrts-12-microlevel.pdf.

28. Altshuller, G.S. To Find an Idea: Introduction to the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving.-Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1986. Petrov, V.М. A System of Laws of Technological System Evolution. – Lecture at the seminar for TRIZ instructors and researchers (Petrozavodsk-82). – L.: 1982. http://www.trizland.ru/trizba.php?id=108. Salamatov Y.P., A System of Laws of Technology Evolution . – A Chance for Adventure.  Compiled by Selyutsky, A.B.. – Petrozavodsk: Karelia, 1991.  Salamatov, Y.P., Kondrakov, I.M. Idealization of Technological Systems.  A Study and Development of a Spatial-Temporal Model of Technological System Evolution (“a wave of idealization") based on the study of evolution of a technological system "heat pipe.”  Krasnoyarsk, 1984.  http://rus.triz-guide.com/publicat/allbooks/ideal_tech_systems.html.

29. Altshuller, G.S. The History of ARIZ Evolution, 1987 http://www.altshuller.ru/triz/ariz-about1.asp.

30. Zhuckov, R.F., Petrov. V.M.  Modern Methods of Scientific and Engineering Creativity – L.: IPK SP, 1980. http://www.trizland.ru/trizba.php?id=105.

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32. Altshuller, G.S. Comments on ARIZ-85А. – In Altshuller, G.S. Algorithm of Inventive Problem Solving ARIZ-85А. – Baku, 1983.  Petrov, V.М. Use of Problems-Analogs in Inventive Activity. – Methodological problems of engineering activities. Part II Engineering heuristics and technology forecasting. – Riga, Znanije, 1983.  Litvin, S.S. They are Unlike, but They are Similar (Problems-analogs in TRIZ). – TRIZ Journal, 95.1 (No.10). – p. 47-50.

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